臭氧氧化-循环喷淋法处理钨钼选矿废水

采用臭氧氧化-循环喷淋法去除钨钼选矿废水中COD,研究了pH值、臭氧流量、循环频率对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明: 废水COD去除率随pH值、臭氧流量、循环频率增大而增加,在pH值为10、臭氧流量3.0 L/min、循环频率4.0次/min条件下,氧化120 min后废水COD含量由131 mg/L降至11.5 mg/L,COD去除率达91.2%,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准。与O₂、NaClO处理废水COD的对比试验结果表明,循环喷淋法结合O₃表现出较好的COD去除效果。     

载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能

针对高含盐氨氮废水，选择具有不同功能基团的树脂为载体，进行负载Cu2+改性制得载铜树脂并对其处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能进行研究。在筛选出最佳载铜树脂的基础上，研究pH及Na+浓度、树脂投加量、反应时间对载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水效果的影响，通过对吸附氨氮前后的载铜树脂进行SEM和EDS表征分析并构建吸附动力学模型以进一步探究配位吸附的过程。结果表明，Cu2+可与螯合树脂D751稳定结合且在宽pH值下均表现出耐盐性和良好的氨氮吸附效果；在室温(25℃)、pH=11及Na+浓度4 g/L、树脂投加量8 g/L、反应时间60 min的条件下，D751载铜树脂对氨氮的去除率为34.8%。D751载铜树脂吸附氨氮后其表面出现明显的晶状结构物质，该物质可能为铜氨络合物。D751载铜树脂对高含盐氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

离子交换水软化技术研究与应用进展

离子交换法是目前最常见的水软化技术之一，其基于可逆的离子交换反应将溶液中的硬度离子选择性去除，属于典型的特种分离过程。本文介绍并总结了离子交换水软化的基本原理、水软化用离子交换树脂的结构和分类、离子交换水软化技术研究和应用，并针对离子交换水软化存在的问题提出了相应的解决思路。     

The thermodynamic characteristics of a Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler

A Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler (SPC), comprised of a Stirling cryocooler as the first stage and a pulse tube cryocooler as the second stage, features the ability of shifting cooling capacity between stages by adjusting the movement of the displacer in the first stage. Such an ability allows an SPC to accommodate itself to time-varying heat loads at different temperatures, which makes it a competitive candidate in space applications. However, due to the gas coupling, there exists a significant mutual effect between stages which endows an SPC with special thermodynamic characteristics and has a significant effect on the SPC’s capability of shifting cooling capacity between stages. With the phasor analysis and the thermodynamic analysis, this paper establishes an idealized model of an SPC. The model is then used to study the effect of the second stage on the first stage and reveal the condition that an SPC is able to shift cooling capacity between stages. Also, the model is compared with a Sage numerical model and the two models are consistent on the overall trend. Though it is unable to reflect reality precisely, the idealized model can interpret the mechanism and highlight some of the essential nature of an SPC, which will eventually benefit the appropriate design of an SPC.     

TLCD基础隔震框架结构的减振控制研究

为了避免和减轻由过大隔震层位移引起的损害,对基础隔震框架结构装设调频液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper,简称TLCD)后混合系统的减振效果进行研究。建立了单层和多层混合控制系统在地震作用下的运动方程,采用TLCD-结构体系转化为调频质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)-结构体系的等效方法,利用TMD参数优化公式,得到单个TLCD初始设计参数,并采用状态空间方程得到多个TLCD最优设计参数。通过对某8层基础隔震结构进行模拟,证明了该理论设计方法的合理性。该混合结构不仅可以减小隔震层位移和加速度,而且对上部结构位移和加速度反应都能更有效的控制。     

Performance analysis of hybrid/single nanofluids on augmentation of heat transport in lid-driven undulated cavity

This numerical study reveals the heat transfer performance of hybrid/single nanofluids inside a lid-driven sinusoidal trapezoidal-shaped enclosure. The right and left inclined surfaces of the trapezium have been considered as insulated, whereas the bottom sinusoidal wavy and the flat top surfaces of the enclosure as hot and cold, respectively. The governing partial differential equations of fluid's velocity and temperature have been resolved by applying the finite element method. The implications of Prandtl number (4.2-6.2), Richardson number (0.1-10.0), undulation number (0-3), nanoparticles volume fraction (0%-3%), and nanofluid/base fluid (water, water–copper (Cu), water–Cu–carbon nanotube, water–Cu–copper oxide (CuO), water–Cu–TiO₂, and water–Cu–Al₂O₃) on the velocity and temperature profiles have been studied. Simulated findings have been represented by means of streamlines, isothermal lines, and average Nusselt number of above-mentioned hybrid nanofluids for varying the governing parameters. The comparison of heat transfer rates using hybrid nanofluids and pure water has been also shown. The heat transfer rate is increased about 15% for varying Richardson number from 0.1 to 10.0. Blending of two nanoparticles suspension in base fluid has a higher heat transfer rate—approximately 5% than a mononanoparticle. Moreover, a higher average Nusselt number is obtained by 14.7% using the wavy surface than the flat surface of the enclosure. Thus, this study showed that applying hybrid nanofluid may be beneficial to obtain expected thermal performance.     

浅谈城市废水水质检测方法与应用

国家与地区的经济发展水平一定离不开工业的发展,我国作为工业大国,工业发展对于国家整体经济有着不可取代的作用。然而随着工业的发展,全球性的环境污染和生态破坏越来越严重。特别是我国经济正处于快速发展阶段,城市化进程不断推进,城市污染情况日益严重,城市污水治理工作逐渐被大众所关注,逐渐开始进入公众可能给事业。我国二十世纪七十年代开始逐渐开始现代城市污水的治理工作。因此,对城市污水的水质监测工作成为了极为重要的一个环节。从城市污水检测方式这一角度进行研究,分析当前城市污水水质检验方法提升实际效果的应用模式,希望能够更好的处理我国城市日益严峻废水处理问题。     

Optimization of culture conditions for biohydrogen production from sago wastewater by Enterobacter aerogenes using Response Surface Methodology

Sago wastewater (SWW) causes pollution to the environment due to its high organic content. Annually, about 2.5 million tons of SWW is produced in Malaysia. In this study, the potential of SWW as a substrate for biohydrogen production by Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) was evaluated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to find the optimum conditions. From preliminary optimization, it was found that the most significant factors were yeast extract, temperature, and inoculum size. According to Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD), the maximum hydrogen concentration and yield were 630.67 μmol/L and 7.42 mmol H₂/mol glucose, respectively, which is obtained from the sample supplemented with 4.8 g/L yeast extract concentration, 5% inoculum, and incubated at the temperature of 31 °C. Cumulative hydrogen production curve fitted by the modified Gompertz equation suggested that H_max, R_max, and λ from this study were 15.10 mL, 2.18 mL/h, and 9.84 h, respectively.     

磁性纳米材料处理含铀废水的研究进展

磁性纳米材料具有较强的化学稳定性、可再生回收、良好的吸附性能和易于分离等优点，在去除水溶液中的铀酰离子方面有广泛的应用前景。然而，磁性纳米材料也存在易团聚、易氧化等不足，通过表面修饰或改性等方法可改善其不足，提高其对废水中铀酰离子的去除能力，改善其吸附效果。本文通过总结近年来的相关研究资料，概括了磁性纳米材料的种类，归纳总结并比较了不同种类磁性纳米材料对含铀废水的去除能力及优势与不足，探讨了磁性纳米材料在含铀废水处理中的应用并对其机理进行了分析，阐述了磁性纳米材料去除溶液中铀酰离子的影响因素，简述了目前磁性纳米材料在处理含铀废水中有待解决的问题，并对其在分离放射性元素方面的应用前景进行了展望。